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| Costa
Calida and Murcia History |
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The territory which is today known as the Region of Murcia
has been inhabited by man for over 1,500,000 years, and this
human presence has been a constant factor in the development
of the Murcian landscape since the remotest periods of
prehistory. The first evidence of the presence of man dates
back to the Neanderthal and Cromagnon periods, whilst
archaeological finds become abundant from Neolithic times
onwards. Iron age remains begin to speak of a certain level of
progress leading to the development of agriculture and the
domestication of livestock during the Iberian period and,
later, intense commercial activity with the presence of
Phoenician, Greek and Carthaginian settlers in permanent
conflict with the autochthonous peoples. The Carthaginians
established a permanent trading port on the coast at
Cartagena. For the Carthaginian traders, the mountainous
territory was merely the Iberian hinterland of their seacoast
empire. |
In 209 BC Scipio's conquest of the city of Carthago Nova led
to the definitive expansion of what had already become an
important economic and political centre in the Mediterranean.
Roman Murcia was a part of the province of Hispania
Carthaginians.
After a prolonged spell of political instability, a
consequence of the disintegration of the Roman Empire, a long
period of Arab domination began in 713 AD when Abdelaziz
defeated Theudemir's Hispano-Visigoth army in Cartagena. The
year 825 AD constituted a further historical landmark, when
the city of Murcia was officially founded by Abderraman II.
Under the Moors, who introduced the large-scale irrigation on
which Murcian agriculture depends, the province was known as
Todmir; it included, according to Idrisi, the 11th century
Arab cartographer based in Sicily, the cities of Orihuela,
Lorca, Mula and Chinchilla, Spain.
The Kingdom of Murcia became independent as a taifa centred on
the Moorish city of Murcia after the fall of the Omayyad
Caliphate of Córdoba (11th century). Moorish Taifa of Murcia
included Albacete and part of Almería as well. After the
battle of Sagrajas in 1086 the Almoravid dynasty swallowed up
the taifas and reunited Islamic Spain. Ferdinand III of
Castile received the submission of the Moorish king of Murcia
in 1243.
In the usual way, the Muslims were evicted from the cities,
and Ferdinand's heir Alfonso X of Castile, who benefited from
rulen over a largely depopulated Murcia, divided the border
kingdom in three regions for administrative purposes,
entrusted respectively to the concejos de realengo, to the
ecclesiastical señores seculares, as a reward for their
contributions to the Reconquista and to the Military Orders
founded in the 11th century. Alfonso annexed the Taifa of
Murcia like King of Murcia and Señorio de Cartagena outright
in 1266, and it remained technically a vassal kingdom of Spain
until the reforms in the liberal constitution of 1812. Murcia
became an autonomous region in 1982. |
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